Heat energy can travel through liquids. This must happen when you boil water in an electric kettle. The kettle's heating element only warms the water next to it, but the heat energy is carried all through the water until it boils.
Heat energy can travel through gases. This must happen when you heat a room sing an electric convector heater. The heater only warms the air inside it, but soon you can feel the warmth all through the room.
The The heat can't be travelling through the water or air by conduction.( water and air are both bad conductors.) The heat travels in a different way, by convection.
How convection works. When the convector heater is switched on, it sets up a flow of air in the room. This flow is called a convection current.
The convection current is set up by cold air sinking through warm air. ( Cold air sinks because it is more dense than warm air.) When the heater is switched on:
- the heating wires heat the air round them
- the hot air rises and escapes from the top of the heater
- cold air is drawn in to the bottom of the heater to take its place.
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